Which SAS syntax would correctly rename variable X and Y in the data set Work.Dept?

The chosen answer identifies the appropriate method to rename variables in a SAS data set using the dataset option with the RENAME statement. When you want to rename variables directly during the process of data manipulation or creation in SAS, using the RENAME option within a data step or a procedure is an effective choice.

In this case, the syntax RENAME=(X=newX Y=newY) indicates that the existing variables, X and Y, will be renamed to newX and newY, respectively, and this change will occur in the data step that includes this option. This approach is typically used for its simplicity and directness, avoiding the need for creating intermediate variables or multiple steps.

The other options present mechanisms that either do not perform the rename correctly or use an incorrect syntax. For example, creating new variables from existing ones without renaming them does not address the original question's requirement to rename. Thus, option B stands out for its clarity and correctness in the context of renaming variables in SAS.