In a DATA step, what does the INPUT statement do?

The INPUT statement is a crucial component of a DATA step in SAS, as it specifically defines how raw data is read into a SAS data set. When processing data files, the INPUT statement instructs SAS on the location, type, and format of the incoming data fields. By specifying the variable names and the structure of the data, the INPUT statement ensures that each piece of data is assigned correctly to variables in the resulting data set.

The ability to control the reading of data is essential when working with various data formats and ensuring that the information is accurately captured and stored in a structured manner. This functionality is foundational for successful data manipulation and analysis in SAS. In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of data processing—printing reports, formatting for readability, or converting data types—which are not the primary function of the INPUT statement.